The Early Settlers by Ken Chau

techniques: pun, alliteration, vulgar slang, ambiguous pronouns

1. How does this title refer to two groups of ‘settlers’? Who are they? The title can refer to the earliest of settlement of Australia being the Europeans and the aboriginals

2. How is the first line of the poem successful at being ‘forceful’ regarding the Great-Grandfather’s presence in Australia? The poem's first line is so forceful in Great- grandfathers presence in Australia becuase it is so short and straight to the point.

3. What action are the ‘early settlers’ doing that gives them equally a strong presence? The action of entrenching which could mean preparing to defend their position of land give then equally as strong presence of the new settlers arriving. 'Arrive' being in conflict with 'entrench'

4. How is the intention of the Great-Grandfather juxtaposed to the beliefs of the ‘early settlers’? The intention of Great grandfather is to grow corn, cabbage and tobacco. Since the early settlers already entrenched we can infer there is no space for great grandfather to plant.

5. What action does the Great-Grandfather do that ties him both to the ‘early settlers’ and to his own culture? When great grandfather calls the early settlers a foreign devil this ties him and his culture also becuase he is also a foreigner.
6. How does this short poem highlight the irony of the hatred that immigrants experience when they come to a 'settled' land like Australia? This poem highlights the irony even today when immigrants come to Australia are getting judged by the people who one way or another are mostly immigrants anyway.