Martin Luther King Jr - 'I have a dream.'

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.

We cannot walk alone.

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.

We cannot turn back.

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."¹

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."²

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.

With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.

Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,

From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

But not only that:

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

                Free at last! Free at last!

                Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!³

 

^Questions:

^{1) The thesis of Martin Luther King jr's speech was that he wanted a freedom for white people and black people to be treated the same and that both people would unite to make a brotherhood.} 

 2) Martin Luther King jr has used both pathos, logos and Ethos in his speech we can tell this firstly becuase in his speech he is trying to motivate and inspire the people to support white people and black people to have the same rights both these techniques are used in motivational speeches."In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." This quote is an example of pathos he is emotionally reaching out to the people by also relating to factual information (logos) when he talks about the deceleration of independence. "But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline" This quote is an example of ethos and contains inclusive language, Martin Luther King jr is saying that by doing and acting in a certain way we will get out freedom.

 

Repetition (repetition all throughout the speech of "I have a dream")

Imperative language

Inclusive language

Exclusive language (America)

 

4) the historical context in this speech is the mentioning of the declaration of independence.

5) I feel that this is a very effective speech because it has used all of Aristotle's modes of persuasion successfully throughout the speech also Martin Luther King jr has also used repetition, imperative language, inclusive language and exclusive language to powerfully present his speech about the freedom of black people in America

No Homework on weekends (Ethos)

I strongly believe that kids shouldn't have homework on the weekend for the following reasons. Children who spend too much time working may start to cut down on sleep which can affect them in later life also children who spend too much time studying can start a unhealthy lifestyle.

Firstly children already work from eight until three everyday five days a week why should there be additional work on the weekend including the homework they get during the week. teachers don't understand that if children are tired from late nights they wont be able to work efficiently during the day which would be the opposite of what homework was supposed to do in the first place.

In my experience children who have good night sleeps everyday are able to absorb more information than a child who hasn't slept much at all. So if a child was able to learn the material effectively during the day what is the point of homework?

Secondly an unhealthy lifestyle can be created by long hours doing homework and not enough time outside, I know that getting involved in outside activities can be very educational as well, for example overcoming problems or learning new skills is a type of practical learning which children can enjoy and haven't experienced enough of.

In conclusion we should enforce that children shouldn't have homework on the weekend, it is up to us to make this rule that will benefit the learning of children in later life.

No Homework on weekends (logos)

Kids shouldn't have homework on weekends for the following reasons, kids that are overworked lack sleep which can damage them in later life and kids that work too much and don't go outside can lack exercise which can lead to obesity.

 In 2010 a survey was taken and it showed that About 45% of adolescents ages 11 to 17 get less than eight hours of sleep per day. Another survey was taken on how many parents do their childrens homework to make it easier for them to cope Forty-three percent of parents queried in a survey admitting to doing their childrens  homework at least once to ease the strain. Almost half the dads, 47%, owned up to doing the homework, while 39% of mothers did so.

In 1995 the highest levels of obesity for boys occurred among the 15–17 year old age group (6.1%),  therefore the obesity which is high in the older age groups for  boys could be to do with how much time they spend inside studying and how much time is available to go outside and exercise.

In conclusion due to the information in the surveys kids should not have homework on the weekend to prevent these problems in later life. 

No Homework on weekends (Pathos)

I strongly believe that kids shouldn't have homework for the following reasons, kids need time to rest to get ready for the next school week and kids need a break to get involved in outside activites instead of stuck in their room working.

Firstly kids spend six and a half hours at school per day and go to school five days a week. Don't you understand the constant pressure and stress that children are put under with heavy loads of work and assignments. Kids should have weekends off because they have been given work during the week on the material covered in class so what is the point of giving them more work?

Secondly kids need time to recover and rest their minds for later what is better to get your mind of work by taking part in outside activities or sport! By kids playing sport they will still be constantly learning without even knowing, this learning could be overcoming challenges or learning a new sport. This type of education is much more beneficial than sitting in your room studying.

In conclusion kids that have an all rounded education will be happier and they will enjoy the benfits of outside learning. Therefore kids should not have homework on weekends so they are able to work hard during the week and be ready for the weeks ahead.

Abraham Lincoln The Gettysburg adress

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

President Abraham Lincoln - November 19, 1863

Questions:
1) I notice about this speech that it has a lot of detail and emotion but the speech itself is very short.

2) Abraham Lincoln has organised the speech into three sections first he has firstly stated that 7 years ago our fathers brought forth a new nation into liberty. in the second paragraph he reminds the people that the people gave their lives to retain the liberty that their forefathers worked so hard for Then in the third paragraph he reminds the people that what happened on this ground will never be forgotten. therefore I think that Abraham Lincoln has organised his speech well by historically speaking chronologically up to the tragic event of the battle.

3)I think the thesis of this speech is freedom because Abraham Lincoln talks about how the people that gave their lives in this battle fought for the liberty that our fathers created. 'it is rather for us to take the great task remaining before us" Lincoln talks says that in their death this nation might live.

4) " that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom" In this quote Lincoln has used imperative language to express to the people that the people who gave their life will not be dishonored and we shall have a new birth of freedom.
"But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this ground"
In this quote Lincoln has used repetition and inclusive language
5) I think the concluding statement in important because Lincoln has used imperative language to make his message very powerful he says " that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth" this statement is important because he is saying that these people have died for a cause and we shall have a new birth of freedom.

Patrick Henry give me liberty or give me death

No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House. But different men often see the same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen if, entertaining as I do opinions of a character very opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments freely and without reserve. This is no time for ceremony. The questing before the House is one of awful moment to this country. For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery; and in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate. It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country. Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offense, I should consider myself as guilty of treason towards my country, and of an act of disloyalty toward the Majesty of Heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings.

Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it.

I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House. Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. They are meant for us: they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive ourselves. Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free-- if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending--if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained--we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of hosts is all that is left us!

They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable--and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come.

It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!

 

"I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House."

 

In this speech Patrick Henry has used Ethos, he is saying to the people that he has only one thing that he can use in this battle and its his experience, the experience he is relating to is the knowledge of what might happen if the people dont liberate and fight. Also patrick has used pathos when he talks about his experiences, when he emphasis the people what will happen if they don liberate he has used a powerful technique which relates to the future which is pathos.

 

 "They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power."

 

. Also I think Patrick has sucessfully used pathos. In the quote above he is emotionally reaching out to the people he is motivating them by insulting them by using a second person narration "THEY" he tells the people "They think we are weak! But when will we be stronger" Patrick emphasises that if we dont liberate and be strong it will be to late and our enemies will have bound us and and foot.

Susan B Anthony (womens right to vote)

Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny.

The preamble of the Federal Constitution says:

"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people - women as well as men. And it is a downright mockery to talk to women of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic-republican government - the ballot.

For any state to make sex a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one entire half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is therefore a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever withheld from women and their female posterity.

To them this government has no just powers derived from the consent of the governed. To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor. An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household - which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation.

Webster, Worcester, and Bouvier all define a citizen to be a person in the United States, entitled to vote and hold office.

The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? And I hardly believe any of our opponents will have the hardihood to say they are not. Being persons, then, women are citizens; and no state has a right to make any law, or to enforce any old law, that shall abridge their privileges or immunities. Hence, every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several states is today null and void, precisely as is every one against Negroes.

Susan B. Anthony - 1873

Questions:

1) Susan is mainly using Logos in her speech because she is stating that in the constitution that was written that all people have a right to vote and she makes a emphasizes that women are included in this and she believes no one would dare to deny this. " It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union" Susan also emotionally attaches to the people by using emotive words. "Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote"
2) The thesis of this speech is she is stating using facts not her own opinion that by law of the constitution that was written by the people that sexual differences shouldn't deprive people the right to vote. She underlines that no person can deny the rights that the constitution states. 






It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people - women as well as men.
Repition and inclusive language 
To them this government has no just powers derived from the consent of the governed. To them this government is not a democracy.
repetition and exclusive language

To them this government has no just powers derived from the consent of the governed. To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor. An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household - which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation.
An oligarchy is repeated to suggest that amercia has broken off from the monarch of england  and just turned into another oligarchy by not letting women vote 
Hence, every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several states is today null and void,
Imperative language
     

Susan B Anthony (womens right to vote)

Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny.

The preamble of the Federal Constitution says:

"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people - women as well as men. And it is a downright mockery to talk to women of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic-republican government - the ballot.

For any state to make sex a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one entire half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is therefore a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever withheld from women and their female posterity.

To them this government has no just powers derived from the consent of the governed. To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor. An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household - which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation.

Webster, Worcester, and Bouvier all define a citizen to be a person in the United States, entitled to vote and hold office.

The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? And I hardly believe any of our opponents will have the hardihood to say they are not. Being persons, then, women are citizens; and no state has a right to make any law, or to enforce any old law, that shall abridge their privileges or immunities. Hence, every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several states is today null and void, precisely as is every one against Negroes.

Susan B. Anthony - 1873

 

Questions:

1)  

Queen Elizabeth speech (Notes)

My loving people,

        We have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our selves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery(fear of a trader killing her); but I assure you I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people(sense of connection with people). (they shouldn't surrender) Let tyrants fear, I have always so behaved myself that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good-will of my subjectsTRUST; and therefore I am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust(physical presence shows her support and commitment to cause). I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king(physically weak, mentally and internally strong and committed; humility is a powerful motivator), and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.(appreciates efforts of soldiers - showing personal responsibility) I know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and crowns; and We do assure you in the word of a prince, they shall be duly paid you. In the mean time, my lieutenant general shall be in my stead, than whom never prince commanded a more noble or worthy subject; not doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your valour in the field, we shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom, and of my people(repetition).

Books are better than Tv

I strongly believe that watching Tv is better than reading books, I believe watching Tv is better than reading books because watching Tv is a visual entertaining activity which can also benefit your education greatly.

Firstly Tv provides a great visual source which can make us interact therefore learning more. Many people argue that reading a book is a fun entertaining source of knowledge but honestly we know that the first thing kids do in the 21st century is flick on the Tv.

Secondly Tv is better than books becuase the information given is much easier to remeber than just reading. At school the reason we write in books is to remember the work we did during the lesson, with reading it is very difficult to remeber every detail but with watching Tv since you are enjoying what you are watching you are guarrented to remember and absorb more information.

In conclusion Tv is better than books becuase it provides a more effective source of learning and a more entertaining alternative to reading books.

Aristotle's 3 modes of persuasion: Pathos, Logos, Ethos

Pathos: Emotional Pathos is persuading by appealing to the readers emotion (Subjective) Experience that may happen as a result of making a choice (Future) by using pathos you may lose (logic)
Logos : Is a reasoned discourse, it relates to the speech itself and emotional appeals that have no bearing of the issue. (Logic) ( Factual information, academic situations, objective- absence of emotion)
Ethos: means convincing by the character of the author (Speaker) credibility- experience (own)
Pathos and Ethos are two techniques that are used in motivational

Inserting yourself in a speech

I don't know what to say really.
Three minutes to the biggest battle of our professional lives
all comes down to today.
Either
we heal
as a team
or we are going to crumble.
Inch by inch
play by play till we're finished.
We are in hell right now, gentlemen
believe me
and
we can stay here
and get the shit kicked out of us
or
we can fight our way
back into the light.
We can climb out of hell.
One inch, at a time.

Now I can't do it for you.
I'm too old.
I look around and I see these young faces
and I think
I mean
I made every wrong choice a middle age man could make.
I uh....
I pissed away all my money
believe it or not.
I chased off anyone who has ever loved me.
And lately, I can't even stand the face I see in the mirror.

You know when you get old in life things get taken from you.
That's, that's part of life.
But, you only learn that when you start losing stuff.
You find out that life is just a game of inches.
So is football.
Because in either game life or football
the margin for error is so small.
I mean, one half step too late or to early
you don't quite make it.
One half second too slow or too fast
and you don't quite catch it.
The inches we need are everywhere around us.
They are in ever break of the game
every minute, every second.

On this team, we fight for that inch.
On this team, we tear ourselves, and everyone around us
to pieces for that inch.
We CLAW with our fingernails for that inch.
Cause we know,
when we add up all those inches
that's going to make the fucking difference
between WINNING and LOSING
between LIVING and DYING.

I'll tell you this
in any fight
it is the guy who is willing to die
who is going to win that inch.
And I know if I am going to have any life anymore
it is because, I am still willing to fight, and die for that inch
because that is what LIVING is.
The six inches in front of your face.

Now I can't make you do it.
You gotta look at the guy next to you.
Look into his eyes.
Now I think you are going to see a guy who will go that inch with you.
You are going to see a guy who will sacrifice himself for this team
because he knows when it comes down to it,
you are gonna do the same thing for him.

That's a team, gentlemen
and either we heal now, as a team,
or we will die as individuals.
That's football guys.
That's all it is.
Now, whattaya gonna do?


Questions:
1) "I pissed away all my money believe it or not. I chased off anyone who has ever loved me.
And lately, I can't even stand the face I see in the mirror." He uses himself as an example to the team to inspire the team. He humbles himself in front of the team and earns the teams trust because he was being honest. Being humble and honest are two good techniques to motivate people. 


2) The inches we need are everywhere around us. They are in ever break of the game every minute, every second.
Al Pacino uses repetition of the word "Inches" to explain to the team when they go out on the field they have to fight for every play and every second of the game to go to the light meaning heaven (Biblical allusion)

Discovery narrative

On a sunny saturday afternoon in the small town of greenfield Jim hardwick was enjoying a normal day on his rocking chair watching over his 2 acres of land. It had been five hours since a wild rabbit had been seen on his farm he was clenching his shotgun and waiting.

All of a sudden he saw a samll white flash in the distance and he knew what it was a rabbit, he quickly swung around a sprinted off in the distance in the attmempt to save his crop. Suddenly Jim stoped and stared in amazment, a scarecrow? he had been lioving on this land for 2 years and never had he seen or put a scarecrow up in his crop. He steadily steped forward and examined the odd figure he stuck out his finger to touch it and suddenly whoooosh he dissapeared out of sight.

Jim awoke to a pat on the back and the crack of shots, Where where am I? asked Jim to a strange man who looked like a soilder wearing a bandanner around his head clutching a rifle, "buddy we are in greenfield!" Jim looked around confused and in shock as his once quiet peacfull town had become a concrete polluted warzone, it had seemed that Jim had woken up in a futuristic city!

As the truck skidded to a halt and the door opened he found himself in a world of fear as he was pushed out of the car he looked around, the houses that were once there were concrete neverending buildings and the farms and fields were carparks and shopping centres suddenly he realised he was in trouble!

All of a sudden the crackle of gunfire and the wizzing of bullet flying through the air were ricoshawing of metal streetlights. In fear and shock Jim froze all he could hear was he ringing in his ears and his heartbeat. Then a firm hand grabbed Jim by the neck a threw him into cover. "who who are you? jim stuttered to the old man. "Who am I? the man shouted "Well I am General White the leader of this assault nice to meet you" he bellowed sarcastically as their hand met for a handshake jim felt a weird feeling in his stomach and then suddenly he dissapered again out of sight...

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